US of the Shoulder: Rotator Cuff and Non–Rotator Cuff Disorders

Video 1a. US technique for the biceps tendon. The tendon is examined in its course within the bicipital groove in transverse and longitudinal planes. The intraarticular portion of tendon and rotator interval are examined with posterior extension of patient's arm. Finally, stability of tendon is assessed during external rotation of arm.

Video 1b. US of biceps tendon. Dynamic assessment of stability of intraarticular portion of tendon in transverse and longitudinal planes.

Video 2a. US technique for the subscapularis tendon. The tendon is examined between lesser tuberosity and coracoid process in transverse and longitudinal planes, with patient's arm in external rotation.

Video 2b. US of subscapularis tendon in longitudinal and transverse planes.

Video 3a. US technique for the supraspinatus tendon. The tendon is examined in orthogonal planes, with patient's arm flexed at elbow and elbow directed posteriorly.

Video 3b. US of supraspinatus tendon in longitudinal and transverse planes. The tendon shows internal fibrillar pattern.

Video 4a. US technique for the infraspinatus tendon. The tendon is examined in longitudinal plane, with patient's arm bent in front of chest.

Video 4b. US of infraspinatus tendon in longitudinal plane. The hypoechoic tendon lies above posterior aspect of humeral head.

Video 5a. US technique for the spinoglenoid notch. The notch is examined with posterior longitudinal approach medially to humeral head, during external-internal rotation of patient's extended arm.

Video 5b. US of spinoglenoid notch in longitudinal plane. The notch lies laterally to acoustic shadow of scapular spine.

Video 6a. US technique for the acromioclavicular joint. The joint is examined in longitudinal and transverse (not shown) planes.

Video 6b. US of acromioclavicular joint in longitudinal plane. The joint is the hypoechoic space between acromion and clavicle. The capsule at the superior aspect of the joint is shown as a hypoechoic area.

Video 7a. US technique for the coracoclavicular-coracoacromial ligament. The ligament is examined in a transverse plane between clavicle and coracoid process and in a longitudinal plane between acromion and coracoid process.

Video 7b. US of coracoclavicular ligament in transverse plane. The coracoclavicular ligament is demonstrated as an echogenic line between clavicle and coracoid process.

Video 8a. US technique for dynamic examination. The examination is performed during lateral passive elevation of patient's arm.

Video 8b. Dynamic US examination. The supraspinatus tendon slides smoothly beneath the acromion, and no subdeltoid bursal wall thickening or adhesions are seen.

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