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Figure 7d. Germinal matrix hemorrhage in a preterm (28 weeks gestation) infant with Apgar scores of 4 at 1 and 5 minutes, delivered to a mother with test results positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis. (a) Coronal US scan obtained on day 11 of life shows bilateral grade 3 germinal matrix hemorrhage (*). (bd) Duplex Doppler images show that the RIs (*) of the right (b) and left (c) middle cerebral arteries and of the anterior cerebral artery (d) are moderately decreased for an infant of this age (expected RI for age = 0.90).