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Figure 7a. Inadvertent transgression of the pleura. (a) CT scan shows a biopsy needle (arrow) passed through the mediastinal fat toward a lesion (M), which is anterior to the pulmonary artery (PA). (b) CT scan shows air in the path of the needle. The air is associated with collapse of the lung (arrows), which has caused separation of the mediastinal fat from the anterior chest wall. (c) Drawing shows how interposition of the parietal pleura (arrow) in the path of the needle can result in inadvertent transgression of the pleural space during parasternal biopsy. M = mass, ST = sternum.
