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Figure 2d. Parasternal approach. (a) CT scan shows a biopsy needle (arrow) advanced between the lateral edge of the sternum and the internal mammary vessels (arrowhead) for biopsy of an anterior mediastinal mass (M) in direct contact with the chest wall. (b) CT scan shows an anterior mediastinal mass (M) in direct contact with the chest wall, lateral to the internal mammary vessels (arrowhead). The biopsy needle (arrow) passes lateral to the vessels. (c) CT scan shows a biopsy needle (arrow) advanced medial to the internal mammary vessels (arrowhead), through the mediastinal fat, and into an aortopulmonary window node (N). (d) CT scan shows a biopsy needle (arrow) advanced between the right brachiocephalic vein (V) and artery (A) for biopsy of a pretracheal mass (M).
