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Complications of Liver Transplantation: Multimodality Imaging Approach¹

¹ From the Institute of Radiology (A.H.M.C., R.B., A.S.Z.M., M.d.C.P., M.C.C., C.d.C.L., G.G.C.) and Liver Surgery Department (A.C.d.O., T.B., M.C.C.M.), University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 05403–900 São Paulo, Brazil. Recipient of a Certificate of Merit award for an education exhibit at the 2005 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received July 11, 2006; revision requested October 5 and received December 8; accepted January 5, 2007. All authors have no financial relationships to disclose. Address correspondence to A.H.M.C. (e-mail: angelacaiado{at}gmail.com).

Liver transplantation is currently an accepted first-line treatment for patients with end-stage acute or chronic liver disease, but postoperative complications may limit the long-term success of transplantation. The most common and most clinically significant complications are arterial and venous thrombosis and stenosis, biliary disorders, fluid collections, neoplasms, and graft rejection. Early diagnosis is crucial to the successful management of all these complications, and imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of all but graft rejection. A multimodality approach including ultrasonography and cross-sectional imaging studies often is most effective for diagnosis. Each imaging modality has specific strengths and weaknesses, and the diagnostic usefulness of a modality depends mainly on the patient’s characteristics, the clinical purpose of the imaging evaluation, and the expertise of imaging professionals.

© RSNA, 2007

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