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Computer-aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiography: Results of Large-Scale Observer Tests at the 1996–2001 RSNA Scientific Assemblies¹

¹ From the Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, MC-2026, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637. Recipient of an Excellence in Design award for an education exhibit at the 2001 RSNA scientific assembly. Received July 19, 2002; revision requested August 22 and received September 12; accepted September 23. Supported by grant CA62625 from the U.S. Public Health Service. Address correspondence to H.A. (e-mail: habe@uchicago.edu).

Since 1996, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes have been presented as interactive demonstrations on computer workstations at each scientific assembly of the Radiological Society of North America. The schemes involved (a) detection of pulmonary nodules, (b) temporal subtraction, (c) detection of interstitial lung disease, (d) differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease, and (e) distinction between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs. Large-scale observer tests were carried out to examine how radiologists can benefit from CAD systems. Observer performance was evaluated by analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The statistical significance of the difference between the areas under the ROC curves without and with CAD was analyzed with the Student t test. In all of the tests, the diagnostic accuracy of the radiologists in total improved significantly when CAD was used. This result provides additional evidence that CAD has the potential to improve the performance of radiologists in their decision-making process in interpreting chest radiographs.

© RSNA, 2003

Index Terms: Computers, diagnostic aid • Diagnostic radiology, observer performance • Images, interpretation • Lung, interstitial disease, 60.917 • Lung, nodule, 60.30 • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve

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