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Quantification of Flow Dynamics in Congenital Heart Disease: Applications of Velocity-encoded Cine MR Imaging¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Box 0628, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Suite L325, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628. Received October 19, 2001; revision requested January 11, 2002 and received February 20; accepted February 22. Address correspondence to G.P.R. (e-mail: gautham.reddy@radiology.ucsf.edu).

Velocity-encoded cine (VEC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a valuable technique for quantitative assessment of flow dynamics in congenital heart disease (CHD). VEC MR imaging has a variety of clinical applications, including the measurement of collateral flow and pressure gradients in coarctation of the aorta, differentiation of blood flow in the left and right pulmonary arteries, quantification of shunts, and evaluation of valvular regurgitation and stenosis. After surgical repair of CHD, VEC MR imaging can be used to monitor conduit blood flow, stenosis, and flow dynamics. There are some pitfalls that can occur in VEC MR imaging. These include potential underestimation of velocity and flow, aliasing, inadequate depiction of very small vessels, and possible errors in pressure gradient measurements. Nevertheless, VEC MR imaging is a valuable tool for preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring in patients with CHD.

© RSNA, 2002

Index Terms: Aorta, flow dynamics • Aorta, MR, 562.12144 • Aorta, stenosis or obstruction, 562.1511 • Heart, diseases, 51.1424, 51.191, 53.172 Heart, flow dynamics • Heart, MR, 51.12144 • Magnetic resonance (MR), cine study, 50.12144 • Magnetic resonance (MR), vascular studies, 564.12144 • Pulmonary arteries, flow dynamics • Pulmonary arteries, MR, 564.12144

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