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Novel Internet-based Tool for Correcting Apparent Sensitivity and Specificity of Diagnostic Tests to Adjust for Referral (Verification) Bias¹

¹ From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (P.G.D.), and Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology (J.A.P.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston Mass 02215. Received April 30, 2001; revision requested November 7; revision received and accepted December 6. Address correspondence to: P.G.D. (e-mail: pdanias{at}caregroup.harvard.edu)

Referral (verification) bias—the selective sampling of a population under evaluation for definitive confirmation of disease status—has been recognized as affecting the measured sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. The authors developed an Internet-based Java applet to correct the apparent (measured) values of sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests to adjust for referral (verification) bias. The applet was applied to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease by means of exercise stress testing. Referral rates for coronary arteriography can be adjusted separately for patients with positive and negative test results. The more complicated situation, in which the results are stratified in terms of exercise heart rate, was also investigated.

© RSNA, 2002

Index Terms: Data analysis

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