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The AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents

Internal Radiation Dosimetry: Principles and Applications¹(CME available in print version and on RSNA Link)

¹ From the Radiation Internal Dose Information Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 140 E Vance Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117. From the AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial at the 1998 RSNA scientific assembly. Received October 4, 1999; revisions requested October 15 and received December 23; accepted December 30. Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under a contract with Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Address reprint requests to R.E.T. (e-mail: tooheyr@orau.gov).

Internal dose calculations in nuclear medicine normally use the techniques, equations, and resources provided by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. The MIRD schema uses a unique set of symbols and quantities to calculate the absorbed dose of radiation in any target organ per radioactive decay in any source organ. The calculations involve the energy emitted per radioactive decay, the fraction of the emitted energy that is absorbed in various target organs, the masses of these organs, and both the physical decay and biologic clearance of the injected radioactive material. Standardized mathematical models (phantoms) of the human body and standardized biokinetic models are also used. A computer program, MIRDose, calculates dose tables per unit administered activity of various radiopharmaceuticals. Special care must be taken when nuclear medicine procedures involve pregnant or lactating patients. New methodologies are becoming available to calculate doses to individual patients.

Index Terms: Dosimetry • Radiations, measurement • Radionuclides, radiation dose

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