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(Radiographics. 2000;20:279-286.)
© RSNA, 2000

infoRAD

The Visible Man: Three-dimensional Interactive Musculoskeletal Anatomic Atlas of the Lower Extremity1

Heung Sik Kang, MD, Bo Hyoung Kim, MS, Jae Wook Ryu, MD , Sung Hwan Hong, MD, Hye Won Chung, MD, So Yeon Cho, MD, Young Hoon Kim, MD , Sung Il Hwang, MD, Dong Kyun Jeong, BA and Yeong Gil Shin, PhD

1 From the Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea (H.S.K., J.W.R., S.H.H., H.W.C., S.Y.C., Y.H.K., S.I.H.); the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (H.S.K., J.W.R., S.H.H., H.W.C., S.Y.C., Y.H.K., S.I.H.); and the Department of Computer Science, Seoul National University, Korea (B.H.K., D.K.J., Y.G.S.). Presented as an infoRAD exhibit at the 1998 RSNA scientific assembly. Received March 1, 1999; revision requested May 12 and received July 14; accepted July 26. Supported by grant HMP-98-G-1-002-A from the 1998 Highly Advanced National Projects on the Development of Biomedical Engineering and Technology. Address reprint requests to H.S.K.

A personal computer–based interactive musculoskeletal anatomic atlas of the lower extremity has been created by using the Visible Human Male data set. A semiautomatic segmentation program was developed by using an intelligent scissors approach and shape-based interpolation, thus considerably reducing the laborious work of the segmentation and labeling process. Manual contour extractions at 3-mm section intervals and shape-based interpolations of intervening sections of the musculoskeletal structures of the lower extremity were performed. For interactive and realistic three-dimensional display, an efficient binary volume rendering method was developed that introduces the concept of shear-warp factorization and applies a newly developed normal calculation technique. Binary volume rendering reconstructs various structures from a series of two-dimensional sections in a few seconds, thus enabling real-time manipulations of the computerized atlas. All of the muscles, tendons, and bones of the lower extremity have been segmented and labeled. The volume-based three-dimensional interactive atlas supports various interactions including rotation, removal, highlighting with artificial colors, arbitrary cutting operation, transparent view, and descriptive knowledge representation. In addition, browsing through the two-dimensional images of transverse, coronal, and sagittal views with labeling and segmentation information is possible.

Index Terms: Computers, educational aid • Extremities, 40.92 • Images, display • Images, three-dimensional






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