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SCIENTIFIC EXHIBIT |
1 From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St, SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Recipient of a Certificate of Merit award and an Excellence in Design award for a scientific exhibit at the 1998 RSNA scientific assembly. Received February 5, 1999; revision requested March 11 and final revision received March 31; accepted April 1. Address reprint requests to P.A.A.
Primary cardiac malignancies are rare tumors that are difficult to diagnose clinically. Different primary cardiac malignancies may have different clinical, morphologic, and radiologic features and intracardiac locations. Angiosarcoma is the most common primary cardiac malignancy. It tends to occur in the right atrium and involve the pericardium. Because of its tendency to hemorrhage, angiosarcoma often demonstrates areas of increased signal intensity with T1-weighted sequences. Undifferentiated sarcomas typically occur in the left atrium and have variable epidemiologic and radiologic features. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common primary cardiac malignancy in children and is more likely than other primary cardiac sarcomas to involve the valves. Primary cardiac osteogenic sarcoma almost always occurs in the left atrium and frequently demonstrates calcification. Certain features (eg, broad base of attachment, origin at a site other than the atrial septum) help differentiate this tumor from left atrial myxoma. Leiomyosarcoma favors the left atrium and tends to invade the pulmonary veins and mitral valve. Fibrosarcoma also tends to occur in the left atrium and is often necrotic. Liposarcoma is very rare and usually manifests as a large, infiltrating mass. Foci of macroscopic fat are occasionally seen. Primary cardiac lymphoma occurs more commonly in immunocompromised patients, frequently involves the pericardium, and, unlike other primary cardiac malignancies, may respond to chemotherapy. The advent of cross-sectional imaging has allowed earlier detection of primary cardiac malignancies as well as more accurate diagnosis and characterization.
Index Terms: Angiosarcoma, 51.324 • Heart, CT, 51.1211 • Heart, MR, 51.1214 • Heart, neoplasms, 51.321, 51.3221, 51.3231, 51.324, 51.329, 51.34 • Leiomyosarcoma, 51.325 • Liposarcoma, 51.371 • Lymphoma, 51.34 • Osteosarcoma, 51.324 • Rhabdomyosarcoma, 51.321
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