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Cysts and Cystic Lesions of the Mandible: Clinical and Radiologic-Histopathologic Review¹

¹ From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutics, School of Medicine (R.J.S., H.M.K., D.P.N.), and the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dental Medicine (A.G.L.), University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030. Presented as a scientific exhibit at the 1997 RSNA scientific assembly. Received April 13, 1998; revision requested May 22; final revision received February 17, 1999; accepted February 17. Address reprint requests to A.G.L.

Many lesions that occur in the mandible have a cystlike radiographic appearance. These lesions are often difficult to differentiate on the basis of their radiographic features alone. Mandibular lesions may be odontogenic or nonodontogenic. Among odontogenic lesions without mineralization, ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and dentigerous cysts can all appear as well-defined, unilocular, well-corticated, lucent lesions that are often associated with the crowns of impacted or unerupted teeth. Most radicular cysts appear as round or pear-shaped, unilocular, lucent lesions in the periapical region. Among odontogenic lesions with mineralization, complex odontomas contain multiple masses of dental tissue and compound odontomas contain multiple teeth or toothlike structures. Odontogenic myxomas are characterized by lytic osseous changes of varying size, which may be demarcated and expansile or exhibit ill-defined borders. Nonodontogenic lesions that mimic odontogenic lesions include benign fibro-osseous lesions (conventional or juvenile ossifying fibroma, focal or periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, florid osseous dysplasia), traumatic bone cyst, lingual salivary gland inclusion defect, central giant cell granuloma, brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, arteriovenous malformation, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The clinical and radiographic features of these mandibular lesions help establish a differential diagnosis, although microscopic tissue evaluation is generally necessary to accurately identify the lesion.

Index Terms: Jaws, cysts, 243.30 • Jaws, neoplasms, 243.30 • Teeth, 243.38

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