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RadioGraphics, Vol 17, 1169-1182, Copyright © 1997 by Radiological Society of North America

ARTICLES

Radiographic appearances of esophageal stents

MJ Gollub, H Gerdes and MS Bains
Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Among patients with esophageal carcinoma and associated dysphagia, more than 60% have unresectable disease at presentation. In such cases, the goal of treatment is primarily palliation of the dysphagia; treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, laser ablation, and placement of stents. Beginning with the first stent-made of boxwood and silver in 1885-evolution in design led to the creation of large- diameter, rigid plastic stents placed at laparotomy and eventually placed by means of endoscopy. However, complications such as perforation, hemorrhage, dislodgment, pressure necrosis, and occlusion were frequently encountered with these stents. The development of small- diameter, expandable metal stents eliminated some of these complications. Metal stents have greatly reduced procedure-related morbidity and mortality, but complications such as perforation, malposition, migration, tumor ingrowth and overgrowth, food obstruction, and tracheoesophageal fistula persist. An efficacious and increasingly used method of treating malignant dysphagia, esophageal stent placement must undergo further improvements to reduce the frequency of complications, particularly migration and tumor ingrowth.


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G. S. Anderson, M. S. Levine, S. E. Rubesin, I. Laufer, G. G. Ginsberg, and M. L. Kochman
Esophageal stents: findings on esophagography in 46 patients.
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2006; 187(5): 1274 - 1279.
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