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Figure 2a.  Aortic coarctation in a 6-day-old girl with hypoplastic left heart complex. MR imaging was requested to help decide whether to perform biventricular or univentricular repair. (a, b) Short-axis (a) and horizontal long-axis (b) cine images demonstrate a small left ventricle (LV), a small mitral valve annulus (**), and a muscular inlet VSD (*). LA = left atrium, RA = right atrium, RV = right ventricle. (c) Posterior VR MR angiographic image shows a patent ductus arteriosus, tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch, and the coarctation (arrow). On the basis of the MR imaging measurements of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (20 mL/m² body surface area) and the mitral valve annulus area (2.8 cm²/m² body surface area), the left ventricle was judged to be large enough for biventricular repair. The patient successfully underwent closure of the VSD and repair of the aortic arch.