Figure 13b. Standard epicardial views: posteroanterior view, 30°-45° cranial tilt (a), anteroposterior view, 45° cranial tilt (b), anteroposterior view, 45° caudal tilt (c), 45° right posterior oblique view, 30°-45° cranial tilt (d), 45° left posterior oblique view, 30°-45° cranial tilt (e), right lateral view, 30°-45° cranial tilt (f), left lateral view, 30°-45° cranial tilt (g), and inferior view (h). Multiple extraatrial projections, either filmed or displayed as a cine loop, are needed to display the left atrium and pulmonary veins in three dimensions without overlap. Together, these projections provide an accurate 3D model to help the electrophysiologist gain an understanding of the complexity of the relevant anatomy and anatomic relationships prior to RFCA.