Figure 2c. Imaging evaluation before reoperative CABG in an 83-year-old woman with a history of severe peripheral vascular disease and prior CABG. (a) Axial CT image shows dense calcification in the aortic arch and origin of the great vessels (arrow). The calcium is similar in attenuation to the contrast material within the superior vena cava (arrowhead). (b) Sagittal MIP image shows extensive calcium in the ascending aorta (curved arrow) and arch vessels (straight arrow). (c) Virtual endoscopic image of the ascending aorta shows extensive calcified plaque within the vessel (arrows). Because of the extensive degree of ascending aortic atherosclerotic disease in this patient, axillary cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. The patient suffered no neurologic sequelae.