Figure 8a. PV stenosis in a 40-year-old man who presented with mild chest discomfort and who had undergone RF ablation for atrial fibrillation in the left superior pulmonary vein 6 months earlier. Axial (a), axial oblique (b), and coronal oblique (c) views obtained with contrast-enhanced spiral CT show severe stenosis of the left superior pulmonary vein (arrow), associated with soft-tissue infiltration of surrounding fat. Note the multiple small lymph nodes (arrowhead in a and b). (Case courtesy of H. Page McAdams, MD, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.)