Figure 19b. Complex venous malformation of the temporal area. (a) External carotid angiogram demonstrates progressive filling of venous structures. (b) Delayed-phase angiogram shows stagnation of the contrast material in the venous lakes. Because no washout of the dysmorphic veins was observed, the term microfistula is probably not appropriate. This malformation demonstrated high venous flow at Doppler US. Arterial embolization was performed to decrease the flow, followed by direct embolization with alcohol.