Figure 12a. Venous malformation in a middle-aged woman with dysphagia and dysphonia. (a) Sagittal T2-weighted MR image shows a large venous malformation of the cervical prevertebral region inducing compression of the pharynx. (b) T1-weighted MR image obtained after three sessions of sclerotherapy with alcoholic solution of zein and alcohol reveals significant shrinkage of the malformation, which now demonstrates heterogeneous signal intensity with small hyperintense areas. This finding may be related to recent thrombosis. (c) Gadolinium-enhanced MR image shows the malformation with heterogeneous enhancement (arrows). This finding may be related to a posttherapeutic inflammatory reaction and to residual perfusion of the malformation.